diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/SimpleAnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/SimpleAnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor.java
index 3802ee7d48d..70ccfb53a2c 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/SimpleAnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/SimpleAnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 package org.springframework.core.type.classreading;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ final class SimpleAnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor extends ClassVisitor {
 
 	private final Set<String> memberClassNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
 
-	private final Set<MergedAnnotation<?>> annotations = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
+	private final List<MergedAnnotation<?>> annotations = new ArrayList<>(4);
 
 	private final Set<MethodMetadata> declaredMethods = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
 
diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java24/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/ClassFileAnnotationMetadata.java b/spring-core/src/main/java24/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/ClassFileAnnotationMetadata.java
index 2ddf9844fcd..0cf823759f0 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java24/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/ClassFileAnnotationMetadata.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java24/org/springframework/core/type/classreading/ClassFileAnnotationMetadata.java
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ final class ClassFileAnnotationMetadata implements AnnotationMetadata {
 
 		private Set<MethodMetadata> declaredMethods = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
 
-		private MergedAnnotations mergedAnnotations = MergedAnnotations.of(Collections.emptySet());
+		private MergedAnnotations mergedAnnotations = MergedAnnotations.of(Collections.emptyList());
 
 		public Builder(ClassLoader classLoader) {
 			this.classLoader = classLoader;